Peds Ortho

Lit. Update with Chuck Goldfarb & Chris Dy

Special guests and hosts of "The Upper Hand" Podcast, Dr. Charles Goldfarb and Dr. Chris Dy from Washington University in St. Louis, join the podcast crew for a wide-ranging discussion on upper extremity conditions and the role of information technology in modern orthopedic care.  We review a recent article from the Wash U group about thematic analysis of online message boards for congenital upper extremity differences. Our guests contribute their insights on elbow stiffness and nerve injuries following pediatric trauma, as well as thoughts on bruise location in supracondylar humerus fractures, treatment of Monteggia injuries, cost-consciousness in parents, nerve transfers for brachial plexus birth palsy, and predicting radial head dislocations in MHE. Hosts of the episode are Craig Louer from Vanderbilt, Josh Holt from University of Iowa, Carter Clement from Children’s Hospital of New Orleans, and Julia Sanders from Children’s Hospital Colorado. Music by A.A. Alto.

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Feb 2022 Podcast Session Notes:

Guests – Charles Goldfarb MD, Chris Dy MD MPH

Hosts – Craig Louer MD, Carter Clement MD MBA, Joshua Holt MD, Julia Sanders MD

 

Links:

pedsorthopodcast@gmail.com

Twitter: @CraigLouer

Twitter: @CarterClementMD

 

Upper Hand Podcast:

https://www.ortho.wustl.edu/content/Podcast-Listings/8280/The-Upper-Hand-Podcast.aspx

Dr. Goldfarb Blog: https://congenitalhand.wustl.edu/

Dr. Goldfarb Twitter: @CongenitalHand

Dr. Dy Twitter: @ChrisDyMD

 

Primary article:

Cogsil T, Kim DJ, Morris M, Goldfarb CA, Wall LB. Congenital Upper-Extremity Differences: A Thematic Analysis of On-Line Discussion Boards. J Hand Surg Am. 2021 Apr;46(4):337.e1-337.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.08.006. Epub 2020 Oct 3. PMID: 33023778.

 

Lightning Round:

Schultz JD, Rees AB, Wollenman LC, Lempert N, Moore-Lotridge SN, Schoenecker JG. Bruise Location in Supracondylar Humerus Fractures Predicts Specific Neurovascular Injuries. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Dec 20. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000002027. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34923508.

 

Lawrence, J. Todd R. MD, PhD*,†; MacAlpine, Elle M. BA*,‡; Buczek, Matthew J. MSEd*; Horn, B. David MD*,†; Williams, Brendan A. MD*,†; Manning, Kassidy BSc*; Shah, Apurva S. MD, MBA*,† Impact of Cost Information on Parental Decision Making: A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Cast Versus Splint Selection for Pediatric Distal Radius Buckle Fractures, Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics: January 2022 - Volume 42 - Issue 1 - p e15-e20

doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001980

 

Kluemper, Chase MD*; Aversano, Mike MD†; Kozin, Scott MD†; Zlotolow, Dan A. MD*,† Long Thoracic Nerve Transfer for Children With Brachial Plexus Injuries, Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics: July 2021 - Volume 41 - Issue 6 - p 374-378

doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001774

 

Hart, Christopher M. MD*; Alswang, Jared BS†; Bram, Joshua BS‡; Kim, Samuel T. BA§; Arkader, Alexandre MD‡; Silva, Mauricio MD*,† Operative Versus Nonoperative Management of Acute Pediatric Monteggia Injuries With Complete Ulna Fractures, Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics: August 2021 - Volume 41 - Issue 7 - p 412-416

doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001868

 

Feldman, D. , Rand, T. , Deszczynski, J. , Albrewczynski, T. , Paley, D. & Huser, A. (2021). Prediction of Radial Head Subluxation and Dislocation in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 103 (23), 2207-2214. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.20.02205.

 

JPOSNA Update II: Sports Medicine with JR Cruz

Dr. Aristides "JR" Cruz of Brown University returns to the podcast for a 2nd JPOSNA episode. This installment focuses on sports medicine (and you may also catch it on Peds Sports, which is available on all the same podcast platforms as Peds Ortho). Dr. Cruz serves as Deputy Editor of JPOSNA, and on today's episode, he shares his thoughts on 4 recent sports-related JPOSNA articles as well as some of his own techniques and clinical pearls. Your host is Carter Clement from Children’s Hospital of New Orleans. Music by A. A. Alto.

 

JPOSNA Publications Discussed:

 

Arthroscopic Saucerization and Repair of the Lateral Discoid Meniscus. JPOSNA. Nov 2021. https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/373

 

The Bare Bones of Concussion: What the Sideline Orthopaedic Surgeon Needs to Know. JPOSNA. Nov 2021. https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/320

 

Physical Exam for Sports Medicine Knee Injuries in Pediatric Patients. JPOSNA. Nov 2021. https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/369

 

Youth Elbow Throwing Injuries. JPOSNA. Nov 2021. https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/355

 

Lit. Update with Steve Frick

Special guest Dr. Steven Frick of Stanford Children’s Health, and past President of POSNA, joins the podcast crew for a discussion on clubfoot, centered on his recent study assessing the physical activity levels in children after treatment for relapse of clubfoot deformity. Dr. Frick remains on the show to add his thoughtful insights in the lightening round conversation on hip dysplasia, lower limb length assessment, lumbar scoliosis, use of routine osteotomies of the spine, and outcomes of vertebral body tethering. Hosts of the program are Josh Holt from University of Iowa, Carter Clement from Children’s Hospital of New Orleans, Craig Louer of Vanderbilt, and Julia Sanders from Children’s Hospital Colorado. Music by A.A. Alto.

 

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Featured Article:

 

Clubfoot Activity and Recurrence Exercise Study (CARES). EL-Banna, Ghida MPP; Baskar, Danika BA; Segovia, Nicole BS; Frick, Steven M. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics: January 2022 - Volume 42 - Issue 1 - p e91-e96. PMID: 34889836

JPOSNA Update with Ken Noonan and JR Cruz

Drs. Ken Noonan of U. Wisconsin and Aristides "JR" Cruz of Brown join the podcast for a special JPOSNA episode. They serve as Editor-in-chief and Deputy Editor of the journal, respectively, and they have exciting news to share about JPOSNA. We also discuss some of our favorite JPOSNA content from 2021. Your hosts are Carter Clement from Children’s Hospital of New Orleans and Josh Holt from University of Iowa. Music by A. A. Alto.

 

JPOSNA Publications Discussed:

 

"Effectiveness of Various Cast Covers in the Pediatric Population."

https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/302

 

"Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment of Z-Type Comminuted Clavicle Fractures in Adolescents: A Sub-stratified Cohort Analysis."

https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/301

 

"What are the Causes and Consequences of Delayed Surgery for Pediatric Tibial Spine Fractures?"

https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/297

 

Video: "Tibial Spine/Eminence Fracture – Suture Fixation."

https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/298

 

"Nonoperative Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement: Clinical Outcomes at 5-years – A Prospective Study."

https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/299

 

"Activation of a Central Immunosuppressive Cascade Prevents Ischemia Reperfusion Injury After Acute Compartment Syndrome in a Murine Model."

https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/300

 

 

Lit. Update with Pooya Hosseinzadeh

Dr. Pooya Hosseinzadeh from Wash. U. discusses the risk factors for failure of hip reconstruction in children with cerebral palsy. We also highlight papers on Pavlik harness complication rates and comparisons of magnetically controlled growing rods with traditional growing rods from the newest editions of JBJS, JCO and JPO.

 

Your hosts are Carter Clement from Children’s Hospital of New Orleans, Craig Louer from Vanderbilt, Josh Holt from University of Iowa and Julia Sanders from Children’s Hospital Colorado. Music by A. A. Alto.

 

Citations for papers discussed:

 

Minaie A, Gordon JE, Schoenecker P, Hosseinzadeh P. Failure of Hip Reconstruction in Children With Cerebral Palsy: What Are the Risk Factors? J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Oct 18. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001989. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34657091.

 

Masrouha K, Gibon E, Roof MA, Castañeda P. What Are the Rate and Risk Factors for Developing a Complication With the Pavlik Method for the Treatment of Hip Dysplasia? J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Nov-Dec 01;41(10):e894-e898. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001960. PMID: 34534158.

 

Novais E, Nunally K, Ferrer M, Miller P, Wylie J, Dodgen W. Asymmetrically increased femoral version with high prevalence of moderate and severe femoral anteversion in unilateral Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. J Child Orthop. 2021 Aug 27. https://doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.15.200247.

 

Saarinen AJ, Sponseller PD, Andras LM, Skaggs DL, Emans JB, Thompson GH, Helenius IJ; Pediatric Spine Study Group. Matched Comparison of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods with Traditional Growing Rods in Severe Early-Onset Scoliosis of ≥90°: An Interim Report on Outcomes 2 Years After Treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021 Oct 13. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.20.02108. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34644282.

 

Sun MM, Buckler NJ, Al Nouri M, Howard JJ, Vaughan M, St Hilaire T, Sponseller PD, Smith JT, Thompson GH, El-Hawary R; Pediatric Spine Study Group. No Difference in the Rates of Unplanned Return to the Operating Room Between Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods and Traditional Growth Friendly Surgery for Children With Cerebral Palsy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Oct 7. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001892. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34619723.

 

Liyanarachi S, Hulleberg G, Foss OA. Is Gastrocnemius Tightness a Normal Finding in Children?: A Cross-Sectional Study of 204 Norwegian Schoolchildren. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021 Aug 25. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.20.01273. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34432740.

Lit. Update with Muharrem Yazici

FIRST TRANS-ATLANTIC EPISODE featuring special guest and SRS immediate past-president Dr. Muharrem Yazici from Ankara, Turkey.  Featured discussion focuses on graduation strategies for Early-Onset scoliosis patients treated with distraction-based growing rods. We also dive into other recent studies in the lightning round discussing long-term follow-up of discoid meniscus surgery, THA in patients with open tri-radiates, the use of antibiotics in supracondylar humerus fractures, and what steps individuals can take to promote diversity in orthopedic surgery.  Your hosts are Craig Louer from Vanderbilt University, Josh Holt from The University of Iowa, and Carter Clement from Children’s Hospital of New Orleans. Music by A.A. Alto.

Links:
pedsorthopodcast@gmail.com
Twitter: @CraigLouer
Twitter: @CarterClementMD

High-Yield OITE Webinar Link: https://zoom.us/webinar/register/4916341745008/WN_NnSH1O0TTpSvhFLiCBUxhQ
 
Featured article:
Clinical Outcomes of 3-column Osteotomy at Growing Rod Graduation
Cayli, Cem MD*; Dursun, Gokay MD*; Cetik, R. Mert MD*; Ramazanov, Rafik MD†; Demirkiran, H. Gokhan MD*; Ayvaz, Mehmet MD*; Yazici, Muharrem MD*
Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Lightning Round:

Rate of Scoliosis Correction After Anterior Spinal Growth Tethering for Idiopathic Scoliosis
Takahashi, Yohei, MD; Saito, Wataru, MD, PhD; Yaszay, Burt, MD; Bartley, Carrie E., MA; Bastrom, Tracey P., MA; Newton, Peter O., MD;  The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Scientific Articles: 08 July 2021 - Volume 103 - Issue 18 - p. 1718-1723

Minimally Invasive Fusionless Surgery for Scoliosis in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Long-term Follow-up Results in a Series of 59 Patients
Mathilde Gaume, Etienne Saudeau, Marta Gomez-Garcia de la Banda, Viviane Azzi-Salameh, Blaise Mbieleu, Delphine Verollet, Audrey Benezit, Jean Bergounioux, Aben Essid, Isabelle Doehring, Ivana Dabaj, Isabelle Desguerre, Christine Barnerias, Vicken Topouchian, Christophe Glorion, Susana Quijano-Roy, Lotfi Miladi

Long-term Minimum 15-Year Follow-up After Lateral Discoid Meniscus Rim Preservation Surgery in Children and Adolescents
Lins, Laura A.B. MD, MPH, ATC*; Feroe, Aliya G. MPH†,‡; Yang, Brian MD§; Williams, Kathryn A. MS†; Kocher, Sophia D.∥; Sankarankutty, Saritha MBBS†; Micheli, Lyle J. MD†,‡; Kocher, Mininder S. MD, MPH†,‡
Boston CHildrens Hospital
Assessment of the Viability and Union Feature of Diaphysis Reconstruction Using Pasteurized Tumor Bone and Intramedullary Free Fibular After Tumor Resection
Ji, Tao MD*; Li, Yuan MD†; Xing, Zhili MD‡; Tang, Xiaodong MD*; Yang, Rongli MD*; Guo, Wei MD, PhD*
The Open Triradiate Cartilage: How Young Is Too Young for Total Hip Arthroplasty?
Rainer, William DO; Shirley, Matthew B. MD; Trousdale, Robert T. MD; Shaughnessy, William J. MD

Efficacy of Antibiotics in Supracondylar Fractures
Bhatt, Etasha MD*; Ridley, Taylor J. MD†; Kruckeberg, Bradley MD‡; Quanbeck, Zachary MD*; Quanbeck, Deborah S. MD*,§,∥; Schiffern, Alison MD*,§,∥

Brooks, J., & Caird, M. (2021). It’s Not a Stereotype if It’s True . . . Right? Creating Welcoming Environments in Pediatric Orthopaedics. JPOSNA, 3(3). Retrieved from https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/318

Brooks, J., Cho, R., Franklin, C., Hammouri, Q., Payares-Lizano, M., Poon, S., Sabatini, C., & POSNA JEDI Committee. (2021). Just the Beginning – A Brief Look at the Past, Present, and Future of POSNA Diversity. JPOSNA, 3(3). Retrieved from https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/313

Lit. Update with Rachel Goldstein

Special live session from the 2021 AAOS Meeting in San Diego. Featuring special guest Rachel Goldstein from CHLA who joins us to discuss DDH. Discussion focuses on ultrasound assessment of children with dysplasia and the ominous finding of an inverted labrum. We also dive into other recent studies in the lightning round discussing the femoral head-shaft angle in children with Cerebral Palsy, NOF of the distal tibia, the effects of lumbar fusion on cervical sagittal alignment in patients with Lenke 5 AIS, and the ease of acquiring skills to diagnose DDH via ultrasound enhanced physical examination. Your hosts are Josh Holt from The University of Iowa, Carter Clement from Children’s Hospital of New Orleans, and Julia Sanders from Children’s Hospital Colorado. Music by A.A. Alto.

 

Featured article:

An Inverted Acetabular Labrum is Predictive of Pavlik Harness Treatment Failure in Children with Developmental Hip Dysplasia. Adrian Lin, Ali Siddiqui, Lillian Lai, Rachel Goldstein. JPO. Sept 2021.

 

Lightning Round:

1. The Femoral Head-Shaft Angle is Not a Predictor of Hip Displacement in Children Under 5 Years with Cerebral Palsy: A Population-based Study of Children at GMFCS Levels III-V. Terje Terjesen, Joachim Horn. JPO. 2021

 

2. Nonossifying Fibroma of the Distal Tibia: Predictors of Fracture and Management Algorithm. Soroush Baghdadi, Jie Nguyen, Alexandre Arkader. JPO. 2021

 

3. Does Selective Posterior Correction and Fusion Surgery Influence Cervical Sagittal Alignment in Patient with Lenke Type 5 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?- A 5-year Follow-up Retrospective Cohort Study. Toshiki Okubo, Mitsuru Yagi, Satoshi Suzuki et al. Spine. 2021

 

4. What is the Intraobserver Reliability of an Ultrasound-enhanced Physical Examination of the Hip in Infants? A Prospective Study on the Ease of Acquiring Skills to Diagnose Hip Dysplasia. Neha Jejurikar, Leon Moscona-Mishy, Monica Rubio, Romina Cavallaro, Pablo Castaneda. COOR. 2021

Lit. Update with Jennifer Beck

Jennifer Beck from UCLA and the Orthopaedic Institute for Children joins us to discuss bone health in children including how to incentivize patients to take their vitamin D and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). We also discuss some of Dr. Beck's preferences for ACL reconstruction and highlight new literature on screening for cervical instability in Down Syndrome, implant selection for Triplanes, whether ankle fractures with syndesmosis injuries do worse, and more! Your hosts are Carter Clement from Children's Hospital of New Orleans and Josh Holt from University of Iowa. Music by A.A. Alto.

 

Featured article:

 

What is New in Pediatric Bone Health? Jennifer J Beck, Susan T Mahan, Philip Nowicki, Verena M Schreiber, Barbara Minkowitz. JPO. Sept 2021.

 

Lightning Round: 

 

1. Repeat Pediatric Trisomy 21 Radiographic Exam: Does Atlantoaxial Instability Develop Over Time? Jennifer M Bauer, Virkamal K Dhaliwal, Samuel R Browd, Walter F Krengel 3^rd. JPO. Sept 2021.

 

2. Comparison of K-wire versus screw fixation after open reduction of transitional (Tillaux and triplane) distal tibia fractures. Neeraj Mishra, Shiyao Wang, Zackary Kerk Hsiang Chua, Kai Yet Lam, Arjandas Mahadev. JPO B. Sept 2021.

 

3. Local Bone Grafting Is Sufficient for Instrumented Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: A Preliminary Study. Alper Yataganbaba, Abhay Gahukamble, Georgia Antoniou, Brian J C Freeman, Peter J Cundy. JPO. Sept 2021.

 

4. Functional outcomes of unstable ankle fractures with and without syndesmotic fixation in the adolescent population. Conner J. Paez, Benjamin M. Lurie, Vidyadhar V. Upasani, Andrew T. Pennock. JCO. Online June 2021.

 

5. Radiographic Coronal Imbalance and Shoulder Asymmetry Continue to Improve Between 2 and 5 Years Following Surgery of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Hughes, Jessica; Bastrom, Tracey P.; Bartley, Carrie E.; Newton, Peter O. MD; Parent, Stefan; Cahill, Patrick J.; Lonner, Baron MD; Shah, Suken A.; Samdani, Amer; Harms Study Group; Yaszay, Burt MD. JPO. Aug 2021.

 

6. Comparison of Surgical Outcomes for Distal Rectus Femoris Transfer and Resection Surgeries in Children With Cerebral Palsy With Stiff Knee Gait. Jose J Salazar-Torres, Chris Church, Thomas Shields, Nancy Lennon, M Wade Shrader, Julieanne P Sees, Freeman Miller. JPO. Sept 2021.

 

Lit. Update with Jeff Nepple

Jeff Nepple from Wash U in St Louis joins us to discuss cartilage wear patterns in FAI and SCFE and implications for treatment from the most recent JPO. We also highlight new literature regarding resorbable implants in pediatrics, Pavlik harness success in hip dysplasia patients with irreducible dislocations, and much more. Your hosts are Carter Clement from Children's Hospital of New Orleans, Craig Louer from Vanderbilt, Josh Holt from Iowa and Julia Sanders from Children's Hospital Colorado. Music by A.A. Alto.

 

Featured article:

 

Lieberman EG, Pascual-Garrido C, Abu-Amer W, Nepple JJ, Shoenecker PL, Clohisy JC. Patients With Symptomatic Sequelae of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Have Advanced Cartilage Wear at the Time of Surgical Intervention. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Jul 1;41(6):e398-e403.

 

Lightning Round: 

 

1. Baldini M, Coppa V, Falcioni D, Senigagliesi E, Marinelli M, Gigante AP. Use of resorbable magnesium screws in children: systematic review of the literature and short-term follow-up from our series. J Child Orthop. 2021 Jun 1;15(3):194-203. 

 

2. Patel HA, Chaudhry S, Lee MC, Solomito M. Streamlining Postoperative Care After Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: Is Follow-up After Pin Removal Routinely Needed? J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Jul 1;41(6):e464-e469.

 

3. Nicolaou N, Luo Q, Giles SN, Maruthainar K, Kitchen MP, Thomas S, Fernandes JA, Roposch A. Mechanical Analysis of Explanted Telescopic Rods in the Management of Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Multicenter Study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Jul 1;41(6):e448-e456. 

 

4. Imerci A, Rogers KJ, Bhattacharjee A, Bowen JR, Thacker MM. Risk Factors for Failure of Pavlik Harness Treatment in Infants With Dislocated Hips That Are Evaluated by Dynamic Sonography. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Jul 1;41(6):e386-e391. 

 

5. Fletcher AN, Liles JL, Pereira GF, Danilkowicz RM, Amendola A, Riboh JC. The Intrarater and Inter-rater Reliability of Radiographic Evaluation of the Posterior Tibial Slope in Pediatric Patients. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Jul 1;41(6):e404-e410.

Lit. Update with Todd Milbrandt

Todd Milbrandt of Mayo discusses his recent research on vertebral body tethering and bending films from Spine Deformity. We also highlight papers from the newest editions of JBJS, JPO, JPO-B, and JPOSNA. Your hosts are Carter Clement from Children’s Hospital of New Orleans, Craig Louer from Vanderbilt, Josh Holt from Iowa, and Julia Sanders from Children's Hospital Colorado. Music by A. A. Alto.

 

Primary articles:

1. Defining the learning curve in CT-guided navigated thoracoscopic vertebral body tethering. Smitha Mathew, A Noelle Larson, D Dean Potter, Todd A Milbrandt. Spine Deformity May 2021.

2. Comparison of slot-scanning standing, supine, and fulcrum radiographs for assessment of curve flexibility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a pilot study. Lauren M Swany, A Noelle Larson, A Fettah Buyuk, Todd A Milbrandt. Spine Deformity May 2021.

 

Lightning Round:

1. Prolonged non-weightbearing treatment decreases femoral head deformity compared to symptomatic treatment in the initial stage of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Jeffrey B Peck, Dustin A Greenhill, William Z Morris, Dang-Huy Do, Molly F McGuire, Harry K W Kim.  Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. Part B 2021 May 20.

 

2. Human Position Brace Versus Pavlik Harness for Infants Under 6 Months of Age With Developmental Dislocation of the Hip: A Comparison of Therapeutic Efficacy. Pan Gou, Yuan Zhang, Jun Wu, Jun Li, Xiang Li, Ming Li, Xing Liu. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 2021 May 13.

 

3. Novel device for nonsurgical correction of rigid forefoot adduction in children. Daniel Freedman, Pavel Kotlarsky, Mark Eidelman. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. Part B 2021 May 14.

 

4. Improved Bowel Function With Oral Methylnaltrexone Following Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Adrian J Lin, Andrew J Costandi, Eugene Kim, David L Skaggs, Lindsay M Andras, Neha Patel, Carl Lo, Kenneth D Illingworth.  Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 2021 May 18.

 

5. Surgical Treatment of Solitary Periarticular Osteochondromas About the Knee in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: Complications and Functional Outcomes. Mark Wu, Evan T Zheng, Megan E Anderson, Patricia E Miller, Samantha A Spencer, Benton E Heyworth. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 2021 May 24.

 

6. Hogue, G. (2021). Early Onset Scoliosis Series Announcement. JPOSNA, 3(2). Retrieved from https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/286

 

7. Murphy, R., & Mooney, J. (2021). The First Generation of Early Onset Scoliosis Care. JPOSNA, 3(2). Retrieved from https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/281

 

8. Welborn, M., Sanders, J., & D’Astous, J. (2021). The Evolution of EDF Casting. JPOSNA, 3(2). Retrieved from https://www.jposna.org/ojs/index.php/jposna/article/view/282